Security & Defence

Across the African continent, the effects of climate change are intensifying security challenges, heightening humanitarian pressures, and accelerating displacement on a scale that regional institutions now describe as alarming. Recent assessments by the African Development Bank, United Nations agencies, and environmental research groups indicate that droughts, rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and flooding are driving communities into direct competition over land, water, and grazing routes, while amplifying long standing social and economic grievances. In the Sahel,…